Peroxide-Forming Chemicals (PFCs) are chemicals that can “auto-oxidize” with atmospheric oxygen under ambient conditions to form organic peroxides (with an O–O bond). The peroxides formed in these reactions are extremely shock- and heat-sensitive. Acrylic acid. It is also important to avoid the purchase of large volumes (e.g. 380 0 obj <>stream Peroxide Peroxide sind chemische Verbindungen, die das Peroxid-Ion O22- oder eine Peroxigruppe -O-O- enthalten. Use and Storage of Peroxide-Forming Solvents. If a peroxide-forming chemical or container is of unknown age or history, if crystals or solid masses are visibly present on or in the container or lid, or if the chemical shows discoloration, Appendix I Peroxide Management UCCS.Appendix I Peroxide Management Page 2 of 5 string-like formations, or liquid stratification, do not open the container. The peroxides formed in these reactions are extremely shock- and heat-sensitive. Common chemicals are listed below. Most of the data prior to 1952 were summarized in a German-language publication by Criegee (21). Compounds containing allylic hydrogens, includ… Peroxide-formers fall into three classes. All laboratory workers must learn to recognize and safely handle peroxidizab… Classes of Peroxide-Forming Chemicals. When the transparent red colouring disappears, add 12 g or more of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) and decant the solution from the unused zinc (Zn) into a clean bottle. The O−O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. Category 1: compounds forming peroxides that can spontaneously decompose during storage. If chemical from List C is inhibited, do not store under an inert atmosphere. Some peroxide-forming chemicals produce solutions that appear cloudy. Therefore, it is extremely important that this procedure be followed regarding the identification, handling, storage, and disposal of peroxide-forming chemicals. Formation of peroxides is accelerated by light and heat. Home / Laboratory Safety Manual / Specialty Chemicals / Classification List of Peroxide Forming Chemicals. Form explosive peroxides when distilled, evaporated or otherwise concentrated. This list is provided as a guide of peroxide-forming chemicals commonly found in labs and is not a comprehensive list. Time-sensitive chemicals may include: Peroxide Formers: Oxygenated organic compounds that react with atmospheric oxygen to form explosive peroxides. All peroxide forming chemicals, which are to be distilled, must be tested prior to distillation regardless of age. Peroxide Forming Chemicals (PFCs) Examples: Tetrahydrofuran, Diethyl ether, Isopropyl ether, Acetaldehyde, Styrene For more PFCs, see Appendix Areas with blue text indicate that information must be provided or modified by researcher prior to the SOP approval. This reaction of molecular oxygen and peroxidizable compounds is formed by a process called autoxidation or peroxidation. These compounds produce organic peroxides that are significantly less volatile than the solvent in which they are formed, as a result, evaporative concentration or distillation can produce dangerous levels of peroxides. Reactive hydrogen atoms are most often found on the following compounds: 1. Bold chemicals constitute the UC Class 2 Settlement Agreement list. �*���ר���:Y��m�����+0�/J�[��)�)��x�D ���h�V�)I�m����礼9���1���,}�Oi��$������Zɵ�'|�(}`6��к�����XF)�^C�y�>N����,v�4"��q9E�>St���1�U⺜^E�O1l�"Zz�f=��Ѽ �Q�U�a��������h �X$Qz�`;k�.ct\Ei2d�4&����,��DJz=�0x�3����z��ɪ��{���В�. Vinyladiene chloride. Peroxides may detonate with extreme violence when concentrated by evaporation or distillation, when combined with other compounds, or when disturbed by unusual heat, shock or friction. Sexual Violence Prevention & Response (Title IX), Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme). The solvents most commonly used in the laboratory solvents, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexene, glycol ethers, decalin and 2-propanol are shown in Group B of the previous section. ©2021 Regents of the University of California. endstream endobj startxref h�b``�b``j``a`tpeb@ !fV�8Gù� w@bj��]g`)�``���7�`�� FMA�$FV���'hi%0,b�Δ��p�7Wn�^�t�+;� �a � �xX� if��@���u��d`}�2�� ��" References Clark, Donald E., Peroxides and Peroxide Forming Compounds, 2000. h��W�n�6�>&(,�D�*�$�5�l�8��Bk+�PY2$����;C]|��:tQ4)r8��r #R)��#Rh�5Q�Cm�� Researchers should purchase no more material than is needed to complete an experiment within the chemical's safe shelf life. All Rights Reserved. Ethers and acetals with an Α-hydrogen, especially cyclic ethers and those containing primary and secondary alkyl groups 2. Ethers are the most commonly used peroxide formers at WCM such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether. Ideally, purchases of peroxidizable chemicals should be restricted to ensure that these chemicals are used up completely before peroxides can form. Peroxide Forming Chemicals. Substances which have undergone peroxidation are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock and may explode violently. Peroxide-forming chemicals (PFs) are chemicals that can “auto-oxidize” with atmospheric oxygen under ambient conditions to form organic peroxides (contains an -O–O- bond). 353 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9C53E4B7E23564489BFF4DBAB9226414><612DA7B4AAB341458DCDBD8F54B50933>]/Index[333 48]/Info 332 0 R/Length 105/Prev 385866/Root 334 0 R/Size 381/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". The solvents most commonly used in the laboratory solvents, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexene, glycol ethers, decalin and 2-propanol are shown in Group B of the previous section. In fact, most Group B solvents are sufficiently volatile that multiple openings of a single cont… These chemicals can form explosive levels of peroxides while sitting on the shelf. Peroxide-forming compounds contain a reactive hydrogen atom that is “activated” by adjacent structural components. Bold chemicals constitute the UC Class 1 Settlement Agreement list. 4. �J�)5#�H �=0�`р�q �s�k��}���g�v� .���� ����L��1}xY�t0����H4Gĥ�� Many chemicals can undergo autooxidation to form explosive peroxides (see lists below). Diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are two of the more common peroxide-forming chemicals used today. Examples commonly found in our labs include: sodium amide, diethyl ether, dioxane, THF, and benzyl alcohol. h�bbd```b``z"k�� ��D���H�G`vX� XMX� �| &u@d� �xY���d�`��=@��M�^M ��Hh�#�30ny` h Many peroxide forming chemicals can be supplied with stabilisers which prevent the build-up of dangerous levels of peroxides. Information on the hazards of peroxides and peroxide forming chemicals is scattered in the literature. Highly reactive and can auto-polymerize as a result of internal peroxide accumulation. Class A Peroxide-Forming Chemicals. This reaction is often facilitated by light. Der Sauerstoff hat in diesen Verbindungen die Peroxide-forming compounds can be divided into three hazard categories. Formation of peroxides is accelerated in opened and partially emptied containers. Once formed, organic peroxides are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock and Peroxide formation can be initiated by exposure to air, self-polymerization, or solvent impurities. Diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are two of the more common peroxide- forming chemicals used today. Contact … Add 0.5–1.0 g of granulated zinc (Zn), followed by 5 g of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN). Certain chemicals can form dangerous peroxides on exposure to air and light. Peroxide formation can be initiated by exposure to air, self-polymerization, or solvent impurities. Potentially Unstable Chemical List . Chemicals such as diisopropyl ether, divinyl acetylene, sodium amide, and vinylidene chloride should be discarded after three months Store all peroxide-forming materials away from heat, sunlight, and sources of ignition. Class B: Hazard Due to Peroxide Concentration. List A: Chemicals that form explosive levels of peroxides without concentration (3 months)1 Butadiene2 (106-99-0) Isopropyl Ether ... these chemicals may autopolymerize as a result of peroxide accumulation. PEROXIDE FORMING CHEMICALS Many commonly used organic solvents can react with oxygen in air (autooxidation) to form unstable peroxides, which may explode upon impact, heat or friction. j�(�'�cDkjN�`0� ¥�6\���"���#Bp4�D�m List C – autopolymerize as a result of peroxide accumulation Acrylic Acid Acrylonitrile Butadiene: Chloroprene Chlorotrifluoroethylene: Methyl Methacrylate: Styrene Tetrafluorethylene: Vinyl Acetate: Vinylacetylene Vinyl Chloride Vinylpyridine: Vinyladiene Chloride List D – do not fall into the above categories, but require special handling nonetheless. In contrast to oxide ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an oxidation number of −1. Interestingly, peroxides can form prior to the stipulated expiration or shelf-life of the co… %PDF-1.5 %���� Oxygen is required for inhibitor to function. Bold chemicals constitute the UC Class 3 Settlement Agreement list. A comprehensive three- volume series on the chemistry of organic peroxides includes a chapter that addresses safety issues associated with these materials (26). Highly reactive and can auto-polymerize as a result of internal peroxide accumulation. that have the ability to form shock-sensitive explosive peroxide crystals. The peroxide formation varies depending on the molecular structure of the chemical. This SOP is not a … Some organic and inorganic compounds are capable of reacting with atmospheric oxygen to form potentially explosive peroxides. Visual inspection is the safest way to determine peroxide formation. Peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R. Under normal laboratory conditions this reaction may result in an increasing concentration of peroxides in a chemical container and lead to the formation of potentially explosive peroxide crystals. %%EOF For more information on peroxide forming compounds, click here: http://info.triumvirate.com/5-steps-to-managing-peroxide-forming-compounds Chlorotrifluoroethylene (gas) Vinylacetylene (gas) Acrylonitrile. May form peroxides but cannot be clearly categorized in Class A, B, or C. Last modified: April 9, 2019 128.114.113.74, UC Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, Ca 95064. Once a chemical becomes peroxidized, the peroxides may explode when concentrated, or with impact, heat, or friction. `��P�v �/�xL;� Page 1 of 7 Revised 06/26/2018 Reviewed 07/28/2020 Standard Operating Procedure Peroxide-Forming Chemicals (PFCs) Purpose The purpose of this SOP is to guide Principal Investigators (PIs)/Chemical Owners and laboratory Most chemicals will have an expiration date on the chemical label based on the type of chemical. 3. https://ehs.stanford.edu/reference/information-peroxide-forming-compounds
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