pbjsCfg.consentManagement = { { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446382' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, [29], Ultimately, the southern oscillation was found to be simply an atmospheric component of the El Niño/La Niña effect, which happens in the ocean. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '705055' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, The Sharad Purnima, also called Kojaagari Purnima or Kumar Purnima, is a harvest festival marking the end of monsoon season. All of these factors have positive ripple effects throughout the economy of India. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, [45] A sixteen-parameter monsoon forecasting model used since 1988 was replaced in 2003. Though the mean position of the ITCZ is taken as the equator, it shifts north and south with the migration of the vertical sun toward the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn during the summer of the respective hemispheres (Northern and Southern Hemisphere). [16], However, a rainy monsoon is not necessarily a normal monsoon – that is, one that performs close to statistical averages calculated over a long period. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, iasLog("exclusion label : resp"); { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, First observed by World War II pilots, they develop just below the tropopause over areas of steep pressure gradient on the surface. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [300, 50] }}, It has a significant effect on the overall well-being of residents and has even been dubbed the "real finance minister of India".[4][5]. { iasLog("criterion : cdo_tc = resp"); "sign-in": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signin?rid=READER_ID", [43] {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, timeout: 8000, The dynamic theory explains the monsoon on the basis of the annual shifts in the position of global belts of pressure and winds. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. With the northward shift of the vertical sun, this jet shifts north, too. The relevant features in explaining the monsoon mechanism are as follows: Pink arrow: Southwest monsoon wind direction; green arrow: northeast monsoon wind direction. And when coupled with the traditional theory (based on the heating of sea and land), it enhances the explanation of the varying intensity of monsoon precipitation along the coastal regions with orographic barriers. Several theories have been proposed to explain the origin, process, strength, variability, distribution, and general vagaries of the monsoon, but understanding and predictability are still evolving. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, [13], The onset of the monsoon occurs over the Bay of Bengal in May,[13] arriving at the Indian Peninsula by June,[12] and then the winds move towards the South China Sea.[13]. name: "identityLink", enableSendAllBids: false var mapping_leftslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1063, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]]).addSize([963, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, userIds: [{ iasLog("criterion : cdo_ei = monsoon"); Click the letters above to jump to that section, or use your browser's search function to find the term you are looking for (ctrl + F, or on a Mac Command + F). Places like Kerala and the Western Ghats get a large number of tourists, both local and foreigners, during the monsoon season. {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50]] } }, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_HDX' }}, pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, The date of the monsoon onset in tropical Australia is generally two weeks earlier during La Niña years than in El Niño years 7. }; Season definition is - a time characterized by a particular circumstance or feature. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_leftslot' }}]}, [55][56] As such, the flora, fauna, and entire ecosystems of these areas rely heavily on the monsoon. According to this theory, the onset of the southwest monsoon is driven by the shift of the subtropical westerly jet north from over the plains of India toward the Tibetan Plateau. Northeast monsoon. name: "criteo" { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sfr", "cdo_dict_english"); // FIXME: (temporary) - send ad requests only if PlusPopup is not shown var mapping_houseslot_b = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([963, 0], []).addSize([0, 0], [300, 250]).build(); { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, If the shift is delayed, so is the southwest monsoon. According to this theory, the monsoon is a result of the shift of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) under the influence of the vertical sun. },{ 'max': 8, } bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '1666926', position: 'btf' }}, const customGranularity = { Strength: The strength of the southwest monsoon is determined by the strength of the easterly tropical jet over central India. [Note 7]. But with continuous dropping pressure, sufficient force is created for the movement of the westerly jet across the Himalayas after a significant period. Mawsynram and Cherrapunji, both in the Indian state of Meghalaya, alternate as the wettest places on Earth given the quantity of their rainfall,[48] though there are other cities with similar claims. }); type: "html5", { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, A good monsoon results in better agricultural yields, which brings down prices of essential food commodities and reduces imports, thus reducing food inflation overall. googletag.pubads().set("page_url", "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/monsoon"); As such, it affects the environment (and associated flora, fauna, and ecosystems), agriculture, society, hydro-power production, and geography of the subcontinent (like the availability of fresh water in water bodies and the underground water table), with all of these factors cumulatively contributing to the health of the economy of affected countries. }); ga('set', 'dimension2', "entryex"); 'max': 36, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, Its position as the sole authority on the monsoon was cemented in 2005[42] by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi. The Himalayas play more than the role of orographic barriers for the monsoon. Because of differences in the specific heat capacity of land and water, continents heat up faster than seas. However, the agriculture sector still contributes 17-20% of GDP[49] and is the largest employer in the country, with about 60% of Indians dependent on it for employment and livelihood. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot_flex' }}, Because of its effect on agriculture, on flora and fauna, and on the climates of nations such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka – among other economic, social, and environmental effects – the monsoon is one of the most anticipated, tracked,[3] and studied weather phenomena in the region. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [120, 600] }}, The jet streams are systems of upper-air westerlies. storage: { [52] His own career prospects, his emotional well-being, and the performance of his monetary policy are all "a hostage" to the monsoon, he said, as is the case for most Indians. 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